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A minimally invasive aortic valve replacement is a surgery to replace a badly working aortic valve with an artificial valve. The aortic valve is one of the heart's four valves. The valves help blood flow through the heart's 4 chambers and out to your body normally. The surgery is called “minimally invasive” because it uses a smaller incision than a traditional open repair.

Bacterial meningitis is an infection of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It causes headache, stiff neck, and high fever.

There are 2 main types of breast pain. The most common type is linked to the menstrual cycle and is almost always hormonal.

A Chiari II malformation is present at birth. With this condition, 2 parts of the brain at the back of the skull bulge through a normal opening in the skull where it joins the spinal canal.

The gums, tongue, and lips have a rich blood supply and when cuts happen, these areas may bleed excessively.

Distal muscular dystrophy (DD) is a group of rare diseases that affect your muscle. It usually appears between ages 40 and 60, but it can sometimes show up as early as the teen years.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a rare genetic condition that weakens your child's muscles. It appears in young boys, usually between ages 2 and 5.

EDMD is a rare inherited muscle disease. It causes weakness in your child’s shoulders, upper arms, and calves. The disease also causes stiff joints that can’t move well.

FSHD is a rare genetic muscle disease that affects the muscles of your child’s face, shoulders, upper arms, and lower legs.

In pregnancy and during labor, your healthcare provider will want to check the health of your unborn baby (fetus). This is done by checking the baby’s heart rate and other functions. Monitoring can be done on the outside of your belly (external monitoring). Or it may be done directly on the baby while inside your uterus (internal monitoring). Fetal monitoring is a very common procedure.